www.tramadol-50.com Introduction to Tramadol. Tramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever. Tramadol is used to treat moderate to severe pain. Tramadol extended-release is used to treat moderate to severe chronic pain when treatment is needed around the clock. Tramadol may also be used for…
is a centrally-acting analgesic, used for treating moderate to moderately severe pain. The drug has a wide range of applications, including treatment for restless leg syndrome, acid reflux, and fibermyosis. Tramadol was developed by the German pharmaceutical company Grünenthal GmbH in the late 1970s. Tramadol possesses weak agonist actions at the μ-opioid receptor, releases serotonin, and inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine. Tramadol is a synthetic stripped-down piperidine-analog of the phenantherane alkaloid codeine and, as such, is an opioid and also a pro-drug (codeine is metabolized to morphine, tramadol is converted to M-1 aka O-desmethyltramadol). Opioids are chemical compounds which act upon one or more of the human opiate receptors (the euphoria, addictive nature and respiratory depression are mainly caused by the Mu(μ) 1 and 2 receptor. The opioid agonistic effect of Tramadol and its major metabolite(s) are almost exclusively mediated by the substance’s action at the μ-opioid receptor. This characteristic distinguishes tramadol from many other substances (including morphine) of the opioid drug class, which generally do not possess tramadol’s degree of subtype selectivity. Tramadol is used similarly to codeine, to treat moderate to moderately severe pain and most types of neuralgia, including trigeminal neuralgia. Another popular use of tramadol is as a remedy for opiate/opioid withdrawal, especially since it being unscheduled has led to many addicts weaning …
Following is a sample of the information contained on this CD: The present invention relates to a controlled release preparation for oral administration, to processes for its preparation and to its medical use. In particular, (lie invention relates to a controlled release preparation comprising tramadol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Tramadol, which has the chemical name (+)-trans-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol, is an orally active opioid analgesic. Conventional release preparations in the form of capsules, drops and suppositories containing tramadol, or more particularly its hydrochloride salt, have been commercially available for many years for use in the treatment of moderate to severe pain; Such preparations, however, do not provide a controlled release of the tramadol. Moreover, despite tramadol’s long-standing use, controlled release preparations for oral administration containing tramadol as active ingredient have not even previously been described in the literature. It is an object of the present invention to provide an oral controlled release tramadol preparation suitable for at least twelve-hourly (e.g. up to twenty-four hourly) administration for the treatment of pain. The present invention therefore provides a controlled release preparation comprising tramadol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for oral administration. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts of tramadol for use according to the present invention are those conventionally known in the art such as pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts. The hydrochloride salt is particularly preferred. A controlled release preparation according to the present invention is one that achieves slow release of a drug over an extended period of time, thereby extending the duration of drug action over that achieved by conventional delivery. Preferably such a preparation maintains a drug concentration in the blood within the
